If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country since the Middle Ages.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Principality of Serbia (Early Medieval)
Serbia (Bulgar Empire)
Serbia (Byzantine Empire)
Grand Principality of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbia (Medieval)
Serbian Empire
Moravian Serbia
Serbian Despotate
Revolutionary Serbia
Principality of Serbia (Ottoman Empire)
Principality of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbia
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro
Republic of Serbia
Establishment
January 731: In the second half of the 8th - the first half of the 9th century, in the center of the Serbian lands - Raska, there was already a state association. The first known prince of the Serbs in the Balkans is Visheslav , his name is recorded in the historical documents of that time. He ruled from 730.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The Magyars (or Hungarians) successfully conquered the Carpathian Basin (corresponding to the later Kingdom of Hungary) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids thoughout Europe.
January 896: The Hungarians conquer the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin after defeating the Bulgarians in Southern Transylvania and Tiszántúl.
January 922: In 921, the Hungarians raided Italy, reaching Apulia in 922.
February 922: In 921, the Hungarians raided Italy, reaching Apulia in 922. The territories were left after the raid.
January 928: The Hungarians marched up to Rome and imposed large tribute payments on Tuscany and Tarento.
February 928: The Hungarians marched up to Rome and imposed large tribute payments on Tuscany and Tarento. After the raid, the Hungarians left these territories.
January 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south.
February 938: In 937, the Hungarians raided France as far west as Reims, Lotharingia, Swabia, Franconia, the Duchy of Burgundy and Italy as far as Otranto in the south. After the ride they left these territories.
January 948: In 947, Bulcsú, a Hungarian chieftain of Taksony, led a raid into Italy as far as Apulia.
February 948: In 947, Bulcsú, a Hungarian chieftain of Taksony, led a raid into Italy as far as Apulia.
August 955: The Hungarians invaded the Duchy of Bavaria in late June or early July 955.
1.1.Battle of Lechfeld
The Battle of Lechfeld was a series of military engagements over the course of three days from 10-12 August 955 in which the Kingdom of Germany, led by King Otto I the Great, annihilated the Hungarian army. With the German victory, further invasions by the Magyars into Latin Europe were ended.
September 955: The German forces of King Otto I the Great annihilated a Hungarian army (Second Battle of Lechfeld) led by harka Bulcsú and the chieftains Lél and Súr. With this German victory, further invasions by the Magyars into Latin Europe were ended.
Were a series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians which began when the Bulgars first settled in the Balkan peninsula in the 5th century, and intensified with the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire to the southwest after 680 AD.
2.1.Byzantine-Bulgarian War of 913-927
Was a war between the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire.
January 922: Simeon I of Bulgaria had to deal with the Serbian prince Petar Gojniković, who had responded positively to the Byzantine proposal for an anti-Bulgarian coalition. Serbia was turned into a puppet in until 921.
January 923: The Bulgarian control over Serbia did not last long, because Serbian ruler Zaharija was raised in Constantinople where he had been heavily influenced by the Byzantines. Soon Zaharija openly declared his loyalty to the Byzantine Empire and commenced hostilities against Bulgaria.
January 925: Serbia was annexed as a Bulgarian province, expanding the country's border to Croatia.
2.2.Uprising of Asen and Peter
26 October 1185-spring 1187: revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs living in Moesia and the Balkan Mountains.
June 1187: The lands between the Haemus Mons and the Danube were lost by the Byzantine Empire, leading to the signing of a truce, thus de facto recognising the rule of the Asen and Peter over the territory, leading to the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned and reuinited several times as the Frankish rulers used to divide their territories equally among their heirs. This lead also to a number of wars and revolts.
3.1.Incoronation of Otto I
East Frankish King Otto I was crowned first Holy Roman Emperor.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of Croatia in 962.
King Bela IV of Hungary attacked the Serb Kingdom of Rascia of King Stefan Uroš I and conquered Zahumlje in 1254 which it gave to Prijezda's Bosnia.
January 1255: King Bela IV of Hungary attacked the Serb Kingdom of Rascia of King Stefan Uroš I and conquered Zahumlje in 1254 which it gave to Prijezda's Bosnia.
Was a brief conflict in the Duchy of Mačva (or Macsó), in the southern realm of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1269: Serbia king Stefan Uroš I brought an invasion force to Mačva, and did considerable damage to the city until Hungarian reinforcements under Béla IV from the north came to fight off the Serbs.
February 1269: Serbia king Stefan Uroš I brought an invasion force to Mačva, and did considerable damage to the city until Hungarian reinforcements under Béla IV from the north came to fight off the Serbs.
Was a war between the Banate of Bosnia under Stephen II Kotromanić and the Kingdom of Serbia under Stefan Dečanski Nemanjić.
January 1327: In 1326, Ban Stephen II attacked Serbia in a military alliance with the Republic of Ragusa and conquered Zahumlje.
After the weakening of the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire in the middle and late 13th century, the northern territory of modern day Albania was invaded by Serbia.
7.1.Serbian conquest of Kastoria
Serbian conquest of Kastoria.
January 1335: In 1334, the Serbian King Stefan Dušan led the conquest of Kastoria, a strategic city in the Byzantine Empire. This marked a significant expansion of the Kingdom of Serbia under the rule of Dušan, who later became known as Stefan Uroš IV Dušan the Mighty.
7.2.Serbian conquest of Ocrida
Serbian conquest of Ocrida.
January 1335: In 1334, the Serbian King Stefan Dušan conquered the city of Ocrida, located in present-day North Macedonia. This conquest was part of Dušan's expansion of the Kingdom of Serbia, solidifying his control over the region and establishing Serbian dominance in the area.
7.3.Serbian conquest of Prilep
Serbian conquest of Prilep.
January 1335: In 1334, the Serbian King Stefan Dušan led the conquest of Prilep, a strategic city in the region. This marked an expansion of the Kingdom of Serbia (Medieval) under the rule of Dušan, who later became known as Stefan Dušan the Mighty.
7.4.Serbian conquest of Strumica
Serbian conquest of Strumica.
January 1335: In 1334, the Serbian King Stefan Dušan led the conquest of Strumica, a town located in present-day North Macedonia. This marked an expansion of the Kingdom of Serbia (Medieval) under the rule of Dušan, who later became known as Stefan Dušan the Mighty.
7.5.Serbian conquest of Albania
Serbian conquest of Albania.
January 1344: In 1343, the Serbian King Stefan Dušan conquered Albania, incorporating it into the Kingdom of Serbia. This marked a significant expansion of Serbian territory under the rule of Dušan, who was known for his military campaigns and efforts to establish a powerful Serbian empire in the Balkans.
Was a conflict that broke out in the Byzantine Empire after the death of Andronikos III Palaiologos over the guardianship of his nine-year-old son and heir, John V Palaiologos.
January 1343: Stefan Dušan, the King of Serbia, led a successful campaign capturing Vodena (Edessa).
January 1343: Serbian forces captured Florina and Kastoria shortly afterwards, thereby extending their hold over western Macedonia.
September 1343: The Serbs expanded their control over Albania, so that by the summer of 1343, with the exception of Angevin-controlled Dyrrhachium, all of the region appears to have fallen under Serbian rule.
November 1343: In late 1343, the Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos left his son Manuel in charge of Berroia and western Macedonia. He then marched towards Demotika to relieve the city and reunite with his wife, who he had not seen in almost two years.
September 1345: Serres was conquered on 25 September 1345 by the Serbian King Stefan Dušan.
January 1349: After 1347, John VI Kantakouzenos tried to revive the Empire, but met with limited success. Aided by the depopulation brought by about by the Black Death, Dušan and his general Preljub took Kantakouzenos' Macedonian strongholds as well as Epirus and Thessaly in 1347-1348.
January 1351: In 1350, Kantakouzenos took advantage of Dušan's preoccupation with a war against Bosnia to recover Thessalonica from the Zealots as well as Berroia, Vodena and other Macedonian cities from the Serbs.
February 1351: The Serbian emperor quickly reversed the Byzantine gains, leaving only Thessalonica in Byzantine hands.
Serbian conquest of Byzantine Thessaly.
January 1349: Serbian conquest of Thessaly.
Dissolution of Serbia after the Battle of Maritsa between the Ottoman Empire and Serbia.
September 1371: After the Battle of Maritsa, Serbia fragmented into several successor states.
September 1371: The Banate of Bosnia was de facto indipendent after the Battle of Maritsa.
September 1371: One of the short lived semi-independent states that emerged from the collapse of the Serbian Empire in 1371, following the death of the last Emperor Uroš the Weak.
September 1371: The Lordship of Prilep was established by Vukašin Mrnjavčević, a Serbian nobleman and co-ruler of the Serbian Empire. In 1371, after Vukašin's death in the Battle of Maritsa, the territory came under the control of his son, Marko Mrnjavčević, who ruled as the King of Prilep.
September 1371: The area of Zeta was established as a political entity under the rule of Balšić, who after the death of Serbian King Vukašin and the death of Thessalian Emperor Uroš became completely independent.
September 1371: After the dissolution of the Serbian Empire, the Vojinović family established a personal domain in 1371.
Were a series of wars between the Ottomans and the Bulgarians that resulted in the Ottoman conquest of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
January 1387: After bitter fighting, in 1386 the Turks seized Pirot and Naissus.
January 1387: In 1386, the Ottoman Sultan Murad I himself led much larger forces that took Niš from Lazar.
11.1.Battle of Chernomen and its consequences
Was a battle between the Ottoman Empire and the Serbian Empire that lead to the loss of southern Serbia to the Ottomans.
January 1374: In 1373 Ivan Shishman, the ruler of Moravian Serbia, was forced to negotiate a humiliating peace treaty: he became an Ottoman vassal strengthening the union with a marriage between Murad and Shishman's sister Kera Tamara. To compensate, the Ottomans returned some of the conquered lands, including Ihtiman and Samokov.
January 1374: Between 1371 and 1373 the Ottomans emerged as a considerable power on the Balkans. They ruled over the entire Thrace and had seized the lands of Uglesha in Eastern Macedonia.
Expansion during the rule of Bayezid I in the Ottoman Sultanate.
January 1390: Ottoman General Lala Shahin Pasha took Sofia and the capital of Bulgaria, Tirnova.
Were two wars waged by Venice for the control of Scutari (Albania).
13.1.Second Scutari War
Was a war by the Republic of Venice against the Lordhip of Zeta and the Serbian Despotate over the control of Scutari (Albania).
September 1421: Sveti Srdj and Drivast conquered by Serbian Despotate.
November 1421: In mid-November 1421 the Serbians took Bar (Antivari).
Expansion during the rule of Murad II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
September 1427: Immediately after becoming the ruler of Serbia, in the summer of 1427, Đurađ was faced with the challenge of an Ottoman invasion. The Ottomans occupied Kruševac and Niš, the Dubočica region including Leskovac, and most of the Toplica region.
June 1437: In 1437, the Ottoman Empire invaded Serbia, leading to negotiations between Serbian ruler Đurađ Branković and the Sultan. As a result, an unfavorable peace agreement was reached, with Braničevo being ceded to the Ottoman Sultanate.
14.1.Ottoman annexion of Serbia
Serbia was invaded and annexed by the Ottoman Empire.
January 1439: After the death of King Sigismund of Hungary in 1437, the Ottoman intensified their attacks in the region. In 1438, they successfully occupied Borač.
January 1439: In 1438, Ottoman Sultan Murad II attacked the Serbian Despotate, forcing Despot Đurađ Branković to cede the territories of Ždrelo and Višesav. This marked a significant loss for the Serbian state in its ongoing struggle against the Ottoman Empire.
August 1439: In 1439, the Ottoman army, led by Sultan Murad II, launched an attack on Smederevo, resulting in the city falling under Ottoman control. Smederevo was a strategic fortress in Serbia and its capture was a significant victory for the Ottoman Sultanate.
November 1439: At the end of 1439, Smederevo capitulated and Murad succeeded in making Serbia an Ottoman province.
Expansion during the rule of Francesco Foscari in the Republic of Venice.
January 1445: The maximum extent of Venetian Albania was reached in 1444.
Was a war between the Albanian League of Lezhë and the Republic of Venice.
January 1448: In December 1447 after leaving a protective force of three to four thousand men under Vrana Konti to guard the frontier in the event of an Ottoman incursion, Skanderbeg turned towards Dagnum with a force of 14,000 men. Initially offering the garrison at Dagnum the opportunity to surrender, he promptly besieged the fortress upon rejection.
July 1448: Skanderbeg crossed the Drin River with 10,000 troops to defend the territory from Ottoman invasion.
September 1448: Skanderbeg retreated from the Drin River area.
Wars during the rule of Mehmed II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
July 1454: Without formally declaring an end to the peace treaty, Sultan Mehmed II invaded Serbia in mid-July 1454. Much of central Serbia fell.
June 1455: Novo Brdo, a strategic mining town in the Balkans, was besieged by the Ottoman Empire in 1455. The town fell after being bombarded with heavy cannons, leading to its territory being taken over by the Ottomans.
October 1455: The rest of southern Serbia was occupied by the Ottomans.
April 1459: By the start of the reign of Stephen Tomašević Serbia was reduced to only a strip of land along the Danube.
June 1459: Sultan Mehmed II decided to conquer Serbia completely and arrived at Smederevo. The new ruler did not even try to defend the city. After negotiations, Bosnians were allowed to leave the city and Serbia was officially conquered by Turks on June 20, 1459.
Was an uprising against Ottoman rule in Serbia.
January 1805: Revolutionary Serbia was established by Serbian revolutionaries in Ottoman Serbia (Sanjak of Smederevo) after successful military operations against the Ottoman Empire.
November 1813: Restoration of Ottoman rule on Serbia.
18.1.First Serbian Uprising
Was a Serbian Uprising (1804-1813), during which Serbia existed as a de facto independent state for over a decade.
February 1804: Uprising of Serbs in the Sanjak of Smederevo against the Ottoman Empire. During the uprising, Serbia existed as a de facto independent state for over a decade.
October 1813: The Ottomans defeat of the First Serbian Uprising.
18.2.Second Serbian Uprising
Was the second phase of the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the re-annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire in 1813.
July 1817: Strategic Serbian diplomatic victory. Establishment of the autonomous Principality of Serbia.
Was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire, and including Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.
19.1.Serbian Theatre (Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878)
Was the Serbian theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
January 1878: On December 14, 1877, Serbia again declared war on Turkey and on January 11, 1878 it captured the city of Niš.
Was a war between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Principality of Bulgaria.
November 1885: Battle of Slivnitsa.
November 1885: Slivnitsa was the decisive battle of the Serbo-Bulgarian War. The Serbians fought only limited rearguard actions as they retreated and by 24 November they were back in Serbia.
November 1885: In 1885, during the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the Bulgarian Army, led by Knyaz Alexander I, successfully flanked the Serbian position in Pirot, forcing the Serbians to abandon the town. This military occupation of Pirot by Bulgaria was a significant event in the conflict between the two neighboring countries.
March 1886: According to the terms of a peace treaty signed in Bucharest, no changes were made to the Bulgarian-Serbian border (status quo ante bellum).
Were two wars fought in southeastern Europe in 1912-1913 during which the states of the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia) first conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace from the Ottomans and then clashed with each other over the division of the conquered lands.
21.1.First Balkan War
Was a war fought in southeastern Europe where the states of the Balkan League (Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Montenegro and Kingdom of Serbia) conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace (virtually all remaining territories of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans) from the Ottomans.
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January 1913: The territory of Albania was occupied by Serbia in the north and Greece in the south.
21.1.1.Northern Rumelian Front
Was the Northern Rumelian front of the First Balkan War.
October 1912: Serbian conquest of Priştina.
October 1912: The Serbian army of the Ibar took Yeni Pazar.
October 1912: Serbian conquest of Senica.
November 1912: A Serbian column reached the sea at Leş.
November 1912: A Serbian column instead captured Tirana and Dıraç by November 27.
April 1913: The Serbs advanced into southern Albania, occupying Loşna.
April 1913: Serbian forces occupied Berat.
21.1.2.Macedonian Front (Balkan War)
Was the Macedonian front of the First Balkan War.
October 1912: On October 19, Crown Prince Alexander's Serbian First Army crossed the Ottoman border south of Vranje aiming towards the Vardar valley, while General Stepanović's Serbian Second Army moved from Bulgarian territory to take the enemy forces from the rear.
October 1912: Ottoman and Serbian forces faced each other near Kumanovo.
October 1912: The Serbian First Army took Üsküb virtually without a fight.
October 1912: The Serbian Second Army captured İştip and Ustrumca.
November 1912: Between 5 and 6 November Ottoman and Serbian forces faced each other in the battle of Prilep, a battle won by the Serbs who were thus able to continue their advance.
November 1912: On November 16, the two Serbian armies reached Monastir, the third largest city in Macedonia. On 19 November the Serbs entered Monastir undisturbed, leaving the Ottomans free to fall back on central-southern Albania.
November 1912: On November 20, the Serbs took Resne.
November 1912: Serbian military operations ended with the capture of the city of Ohrid.
21.1.3.Treaty of London (1913)
The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912-13. It ended the First Balkan War and dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War.
May 1913: The Treaty of London was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912-13. It dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War. Albania was declared independent.
21.2.Second Balkan War
Was a war fought by Bulgary against a coalition of Balkan states. During the First Balkan War the Balkan League had conquered most of the Ottoman Balkan territories. Bulgaria was dissatisfied by the territorial partition and invaded its former allies.
21.2.1.Bulgarian Offensive in Greece
Was a Bulgarian military offensive in Greece during the Second Balkan War.
June 1913: Bulgarian troops moved up to positions between Kilkis and the Struma River.
21.2.2.Serb Offensive (Second Balkan War)
Was a Serb military offensive against Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.
July 1913: Bulgarians stopped the Serbian offensive in Macedonia at Kalimanci.
21.2.3.Treaty of Bucarest
Was the treaty that ended the Second Balkan War.
August 1913: The eastern frontier of Serbia was drawn from the top of Patarika and followed the watershed between the Vardar and Struma rivers to the Greek-Bulgarian border, except for the Strumica valley which remained in Bulgaria.
August 1913: After the First Balkan War of 1912, territories of Kosovo and north-western Macedonia were internationally recognised as a part of Serbia and northern Metohija as a part of Montenegro at the Treaty of London of May 1913. The final borders were ratified at the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
22.1.World War I Balkan Theatre
Was the theatre of war in the Balkan Peninsula during World War I.
22.1.1.Albania during World War I
Albanian theatre of World War I.
22.1.1.1.Collapse of Albania
Invasion of Albania by the central powers during World War I.
May 1915: On 29 May 1915, a contingent of 20,000 Serbian soldiers under General Dragutin Milutinović invaded northern Albania from three directions, dispersing the pro-Habsburg militias of Bajram Curri and Isa Boletini.
June 1915: The Serbs extended their occupation to the central regions of Albania, taking Elbasan and Tirana and liberating Essad's forces in Durazzo from the siege of the Muslim rebels.
June 1915: King Nicholas I of Montenegro, an ally of the Serbs, ordered the occupation of Albanian territory north of the Drin River on 11 June.
June 1915: The Montenegrins entered Scutari.
January 1916: In late January 1916 Austro-Hungarian forces invaded northern Albania in pursuit of the remnants of the Serbian army.
February 1916: The embarkation of fleeing Serbs from Durazzo ended on 9 February, but the Italian authorities decided to keep the Italian garrison already present in the port.
February 1916: The Austro-Hungarian XIX Army Corps occupied Tirana without encountering resistance.
22.1.2.Serbia during World War I
Serbian theatre of World War I.
22.1.2.1.Invasion of Serbia
Invasion of Serbia by the Central Powers during World War I.
August 1914: In 1914, the Austro-Hungarian armies, led by General Oskar Potiorek, crossed the border and the Drina River into Serbia. This marked the beginning of World War I in the region.
August 1914: After a fierce four-day battle in Car, the Austro-Hungarians were forced to retreat.
September 1914: Front line shift in the region of Galicia, which is now part of Ukraine.
October 1914: Under pressure from its allies, Serbia conducted a limited offensive across the Sava river into the Austro-Hungarian region of Syrmia with its Serbian First Army. It was the Battle of Drina.
November 1914: Line to which the Serbian army withdrew voluntarly.
November 1914: Advancement of Austria-Hungary in Serbia by 30th November.
December 1914: The Austro-Hungarian Army entered Belgrade.
December 1914: The Serbian Army recaptured Belgrade. Serbia reconqiered all its territory.
October 1915: The Austro-Hungarians and Germans began their attack on 7 October with their troops crossing the Drina and Sava rivers.
October 1915: The city of Belgrade was captured by the Central Powers.
October 1915: The Bulgarian Army attacked Serbia from the north of Bulgaria towards Niš and from the south towards Skopje.
November 1915: In October 1915 the French divisions advanced up to the Vardar River.
November 1915: Front Line of Austria Hungary military occupation of Serbia by November 5th, 1914.
November 1915: The Morava Offensive Operation was undertaken by the Bulgarian First Army between 14 October 1915 and 9 November 1915. As a result, the Serbian forces were compelled to retreat towards Kosovo and Metohija.
November 1915: The Ovche Pole Offensive Operation was an operation of the Bulgarian Army that occurred between 14 October 1915 and 15 November 1915. It secured the south-eastern front of Serbia to Bulgaria.
November 1915: The Serbian government and supreme command made the decision to retreat through Montenegro and Albania where they hoped to reach the Adriatic coast and be rescued by Allied ships.
December 1915: The allied forces retreat from the Vardar River.
January 1916: By January 1916, the Serbian Army had been defeated by an Austrian-Hungarian, German and Bulgarian invasion.
22.1.3.Liberation of the Balkan States
Was the liberation of the Balkan states from the Central Powers during World War I.
September 1918: Serbian and French forces liberated Skopje.
October 1918: Vranje was liberated on 5 October.
October 1918: The 2nd Serbian Army under Stepa Stepanovic, with French forces, advanced northwest towards Kosovo. Pristina was liberated by the 11th French Colonial Division on 10 October.
October 1918: Niš conquered by Kingdom of Serbia.
October 1918: Peć conquered by Kingdom of Serbia.
November 1918: Belgrade conquered by Kingdom of Serbia.
November 1918: The Serbian army reached the border with Bosnia-Hercegovina at Dobor Pole.
22.2.Aftermath of World War I
Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.
November 1918: The short history of the Banat Republic ended on November 15, 1918 with the invasion of Serbian troops, who took over the administration.
May 1919: The Republic of Prekmurje was an unrecognized state in Prekmurje, an area traditionally known in Hungarian as Vendvidék ("Wendic March").
June 1919: Prekmurje was incorporated into the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
June 1919: On June 21, 1919, the Banat region was divided between Romania, Serbia and Hungary.
22.2.1.Aftermath of World War I in Yugoslavia
Events that happened shortly after the end of World War I in Yugoslavia.
October 1918: The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was a political entity that was constituted at the end of World War I, by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs resident in what were the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
November 1918: The Kingdom of Serbia absorbed the Kingdom of Montenegro at the Podgorica Assembly.
December 1918: Thirty-three days after it was proclaimed, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
December 1918: Serbia united with the newly created State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form a new southern Slav state, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
22.2.2.Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
Was a military engagement that ensued in the aftermath of World War I between forces loyal to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and later the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and forces loyal to the Republic of German-Austria.
22.2.2.1.Second Yugoslavian Offensive
Was a Yugoslavian offensive against Austrian forces during the Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia.
May 1919: On 2 May Austrian Carinthian units took control of Völkermarkt.
May 1919: The Austrian counter-offensive reached the Gallizien-Apače-Sankt Margareten im Rosental line.
May 1919: Before the Royal Yugoslav Army's 36th infantry regiment under control of Lt.Col. Vladimir Uzorinac managed to hold ground in Guštanj (Gutenstein).
May 1919: The remaining Slovene units continued to retreat back into lower Styria, while almost all of the Carinthian area that was gained during the winter clashes was lost to the advancing Austrian units. The last to fall was Dravograd.
June 1919: The Royal Yugoslav Army's 36th infantry regiment under control of Lt.Col. Vladimir Uzorinac managed to hold ground in Guštanj (Gutenstein).
November 1920: The border in Carinthia was decided through a Plebiscite after the treaty of Saint Germain. Most of the population voted for Austria. The region was placed under Austrian administration on 18 November 1920 and declared part of the sovereign Austrian Republic on November 22.
22.2.2.2.Third Yugoslavian Offensive
Was a Yugoslavian offensive against Austrian forces during the Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia.
June 1919: On May 26 a new Yugoslav offensive was authorised which lasted throughout May and until June 6, during which they managed to capture much of the Klagenfurt region to as north as Maria Saal.
22.2.2.3.First Yugoslavian Offensive
Was a Yugoslavian offensive against Austrian forces during the Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia.
November 1919: Captain Alfred Lavrič's unit (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) was designated to be in charge of capturing Carinthia, and began taking control of the territory on 13 November, when his units entered the Jaun Valley and Ferlach.
November 1919: Captain Rudolf Knez entered Sittersdorf (Žitara vas) and settled his units there.
November 1919: From November 27 onward, the Slovene fighters under direct command of Maister, took control of Spielfeld, Bad Radkersburg, Mureck, Leutschach, Marenberg, and Muta, while the units from Celje under command of Franjo Malgaj took control of the Meža Valley and Bleiburg.
November 1919: Units from Ljubljana took control of Dravograd, Lavamünd and Sankt Paul. The capture of Völkermarkt on November 30 sparked much criticism, as it allegedly wasn't included in the demarcation line plans.
22.2.3.Treaty of St Germain
Was a treaty that settled the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after World War I.
September 1919: After World War I, the southern half of the former Tyrolean crownland up to the Brenner Pass, including predominantly German-speaking South Tyrol and the present-day Trentino province, together with the Carinthian Canal Valley around Tarvisio fell to Italy, as well as the Austrian Littoral (Gorizia and Gradisca, the Imperial Free City of Trieste, and Istria as recognized by the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920).
September 1919: The Treaty of St. Germain established the borders of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
22.2.4.Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
November 1919: The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
On 12 September 1919 Italian nationalist Gabriele d'Annunzio led around 2,600 troops, mostly shell-shocked veterans of the Battles of the Isonzo, to seize the city of Fiume (today Rijeka, Croatia).
September 1919: Italian writer and politician Gabriele d'Annunzio was angered by what he considered to be the handing over of the city of Fiume. On 12 September 1919 he led around 2,600 troops, mostly shell-shocked veterans of the Battles of the Isonzo. They were drawn from the Royal Italian Army (the Granatieri di Sardegna), Italian nationalists and irredentists. This force staged a seizure of the city, forcing the withdrawal of the inter-Allied (American, British and French) occupying forces. Their march from Ronchi dei Legionari to Fiume became known as the Impresa di Fiume.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
24.1.World War II (Eastern Theatre)
Was the Eastern European theatre of World War II.
December 1944: Territorial changes based on the known frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
24.2.World War II (Western Front)
Was the Western European theatre of World War II.
24.2.1.Ardennes Counteroffensive
Was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II.
24.2.1.1.German Offensive in Yugoslavia
German offensive during the World War II Axis invasion of Yugoslavia.
April 1941: Late in the afternoon of the 10th April German Tanks entered the city of Zagreb.
April 1941: SS-Obersturmfuehrer (1st Lt.) Klingenberg of the 2d SS Motorized Infantry Division entered Belgrade with an SS patrol. The mayor of Belgrade officially handed over the city to Klingenberg
24.2.2.Western Allied invasion of Germany
Was the invasion of the western territories of Germany mainly by the United States, United Kingdom, France and Canada at the end of World War II.
April 1945: Final allied military operations in the European theatre of World War II (April-May 1945).
24.3.World War II (Balkan Theatre)
Was the theatre of conflict of World War II that took place in the Balkans.
24.3.1.Greco-Italian War
Was a conflict between Greece and Italy during World War II that started with the Italian invasion of Greece.
24.3.1.1.Italian offensive (Greco-Italian War)
Were the Italian operations during the Greco-Italian War.
April 1941: Knin was taken by the Axis forces.
April 1941: The Italian army conquers of Kastav, Kalce and Logatec.
April 1941: On 11 April, the Italian 2nd Army launched its offensive, capturing Ljubljana, Sušak and Kraljevica on the same day.
April 1941: The Italian 133rd Armoured Division Littorio and the 52nd Infantry Division Torino took Senj.
April 1941: On 13 April the Italian occupied Otočac and Gradac.
April 1941: Split and Sibenik were taken by Italian forces on 15 and 16 April, respectively.
April 1941: Italian Motorized Corps took Dubrovnik.
24.3.2.Invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis
Was a military operation by the Axis forces that resulted in the occupation and partition of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
24.3.2.1.Surrender and partition of Yugoslavia
Was the partition of Yugoslavia among the invading Axis forces.
April 1941: Yugoslavia was partitioned ca. April 20-22, 1941 among the Axis countries (Italy and Germany) and their satellite states (Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania).
24.3.2.2.Hungarian Offensive (Axis invasion of Yugoslavia)
Was the offensive of the Hungarian army during the Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
April 1941: The Hungarian 1st Parachute Battalion captured canal bridges at Vrbas and Srbobran. Meanwhile, Sombor was captured against determined Chetnik resistance, and Subotica was also captured.
April 1941: The Hungarian 1st and 2nd Motorised Brigades occupied Novi Sad.
April 1941: The Hungarian army captured Vinkovci and Vukovar on 18 April.
April 1941: Valjevo conquered by hungary.
April 1941: Hungarian forces occupied the Yugoslavian regions of Prekmurje and Međimurje.
24.3.2.3.Yugoslav Albanian offensive
Was the offensive of the Italian forces in Albania during the Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
April 1941: Between 11-13 April 1941, with German and Italian troops advancing on its rear areas, the Zetska Division was forced to retreat back to the Pronisat River by the Italian 131st Centauro Armoured Division.
24.3.3.German invasion of Greece
Was the invasion of Greece Germany during World War II. The Invasion followed the unsuccesful invasion of Greece by Italian forces.
April 1941: German conquest of Skopje.
April 1941: German conquest of Veles.
April 1941: The Germans captured the town of Strumica.
April 1941: The German 73rd Infantry Division captured Prilep.
April 1941: The Italian armoured division along with the 18th Infantry Division Messina advanced upon the Yugoslav fleet base of Kotor in Montenegro, also occupying Cettinje and Podgorica.
24.3.4.Liberation of Albania
Was the liberation of Albania by the Albanian resistance during World War II.
November 1944: The territories added to Albania by the Axis in in 1941 were reversed to Yugoslavia.
24.3.5.German Invasion of Montenegro
After the Italian capitulation on 8 September 1943, German forces invaded Montenegro.
December 1944: Montenegro remained under German occupation until Axis forces evacuated in December 1944.
24.3.6.Establishment of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). .
November 1943: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ).
October 1944: Partisan-controlled territories in Yugoslavia by september 1944.
October 1944: The German forces in Serbia are destroyed in the Battle of Belgrade.
October 1944: Belgrade falls under combined blows of Third Ukrainian Front and Marshal Tito’s Yugoslav Army.
January 1945: In late September 1944 three Bulgarian armies, some 455,000 strong in total led by General Georgi Marinov Mandjev from the village of Goliamo Sharkovo - Elhovo, entered Yugoslavia with the strategic task of blocking the German forces withdrawing from Greece. Southern and eastern Serbia and Macedonia were liberated within two months.
January 1945: At the onset of winter, the Partisans effectively controlled the entire eastern half of Yugoslavia - Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro - as well as most of the Dalmatian coast.
April 1945: The Croatian army did not leave Sarajevo until 15 April.
24.3.6.1.Partisan offensive in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia
Were a series of partisan offensives against Axis-occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.
April 1945: On 5 April, Yugoslavian forces aptured Doboj.
April 1945: On 12 April, the Yugoslav 3rd Army, under the command of Kosta Nađ, forced a crossing of the Drava river. The 3rd Army then fanned out through Podravina, reached a point north of Zagreb, and crossed the old Austrian border with Yugoslavia in the Dravograd sector.
April 1945: By 20 April, Yugoslavian forces led by Drapšin liberated Lika and the Croatian Littoral, including the islands, and reached the old Yugoslav border with Italy.
May 1945: After having captured the Italian territories of Rijeka and Istria from the German LXXXXVII Corps, the Yugoslav 4th Army beated the western Allies to Trieste by one day.
May 1945: The German forces in Croatia were still able to reconquer Rijeka Trieste and the region of Istria in May 1945.
May 1945: Despite the German capitulation, sporadic fighting still took place in Yugoslavia. On 7 May, Zagreb was evacuated.
May 1945: Maribor and Ljubljana were captured by the Partisans.
May 1945: Battle of Poljana.
May 1945: Battle of Odžak.
24.4.End of World War II in Europe
Refers to the surrender of Axis forces and the end of World War II and to the territorial changes that were a direct consequence of World War II but happened after the traditional end of the War.
24.4.1.Border changes of Italy after World War II
Border changes of Italy in the aftermath of World War II.
February 1947: Trieste and the surrounding area were incorporated into a new independent state called the Free Territory of Trieste.
October 1954: On 5 October 1954, the London Memorandum was signed in the British capital by ministers of the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, and Yugoslavia. It gave the former Zone A with Trieste to Italy for ordinary civil administration, and Zone B, which had already had a communist government since 1947, to Yugoslavia. In addition, Yugoslavia was given several villages in the municipality of Muggia that had been part of Zone A: Plavje, Spodnje Škofije, Elerji, Hrvatini, Kolomban, Cerej, Premančan, and Barizoni.
Were a series of independence wars and insurgencies that resulted in the breakup of Yugoslavia.
25.1.Croatian War of Independence
Was a war between the government of Croatia (that had recently gained its independency from Yugoslavia) and several local Serb forces.
25.1.1.Indipendence and breakaway regions in Croatia
Several territories seceded from Croatia when the country became independent from Yugoslavia.
June 1991: Independence of Croatia.
25.2.Ten-Day War
Was a brief armed conflict that followed Slovenia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991.
June 1991: Secession of Slovenia from the Yugoslavian federation.
June 1991: A unit of the Yugoslav People's Army (YPA)'s 306th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, based in Karlovac, Croatia, crossed the Slovenian border at Metlika.
June 1991: By midnight on 27 June Yugoslavia had captured all of the crossings along the Italian border, all but three crossings on the Austrian border and several of the new crossing points established along Slovenia's border with Croatia.
June 1991: The border crossing at Holmec was captured by Slovenian TO forces.
June 1991: YPA-held border crossings at Vrtojba and Šentilj fell to the Slovenian forces.
June 1991: The entire YPA garrison at Dravograd - 16 officers and 400 men, plus equipment - surrendered, and the garrisons at Tolmin and Bovec also fell to the Slovenians.
June 1991: Slovenian forces seized the strategic Karawanken Tunnel.
July 1991: The Slovenian army mounted successful attacks on border crossings at Šentilj, Gornja Radgona, Fernetiči and Gorjansko, overrunning them.
July 1991: With a ceasefire now in force, the two sides disengaged. Slovenian forces took control of all of the country's border crossings, and YPA units were allowed to withdraw peacefully to barracks and to cross the border to Croatia.
25.3.Bosnian War
Was a civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, that had recently gained its independence from Yugoslavia. It involved several actors, but mainly pitted the government of Bosnia-Herzegovina against the de facto independent regions of Herzeg-Bosnia and Republika Srpska.
March 1992: When Bosnia Herzegovina was declared it didn't control all of ist official territory.
March 1992: Bosnia and Herzegovina seceded from the disintegrating Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992.
25.4.Kosovo War
Was a conflict in Kosovo, at the time part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, that led to the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo and then to the independency of Kosovo.
June 1999: The UNMIK was established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1244, which was passed on 10 June 1999. In that Resolution, the UN decided to "deploy in Kosovo, under United Nations auspices, an international civil and security presence".
January 806: Around 805, Bulgarian emperor Krum defeated the Avar Khaganate.
January 823: Vlastimir was the ruler of the Principality of Serbia in the early medieval period. In 822, he successfully defended against a Bulgarian attack and brought the Principality of Travunia under his control, solidifying his power in the region.
January 851: In the middle of the 9th century, the state in Raska (Serbia) was already quite extensive and militarily strong.
January 901: Towards the end of the 9th century, the Grand Prince of Rascia, Pietro Gojniković, began to expand his powers at the expense of Zaclumia, asserting the ancient privilege according to which Zaclumia was to remain a fief of Rascia.
May 927: After the death of Tsar Simeon, an acute internal crisis began in the Bulgarian kingdom, accompanied by feudal unrest and uprisings.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of Serbia in 962.
January 972: The Principality of Serbia was annexed by the Byzantines in c. 969-971 and ruled as the Catepanate of Ras.
January 1093: In 1091 or 1092, Vukan became independent, taking the title of Grand Prince (veliki župan) of Serbia.
January 1094: The Serbians expanded along the Vardar, obtaining much booty and taking the cities of Vranje, Skopje and Tetovo.
January 1147: By the time of Radoslav's reign as prince of Serbia, he only held a small strip of land on the Dukljan coast (From Kotor to Ulcinj).
January 1151: Uroš II and Desa undertook an offensive against Radoslav of Duklja, who was a loyal Byzantine vassal. Radoslav was pushed to the southwestern corner of Duklja, to Kotor, and retained only the coastal area.
January 1167: By 1166, much of Duklja was occupied by Serbia.
January 1181: After the reign of Ban Kulin, rulers of Bosnia enjoyed virtual independence from Hungary.
January 1184: The Serbians drove the Greeks out of the Morava valley, from Braničevo, Niš, Belgrade, Ravno and Sofia. After a while, however, the Hungarians withdrew.
September 1187: An agreement was signed which left Ragusa independent, but subjected it to Serbian power.
January 1188: In 1187, the Second Bulgarian Empire, under the rule of Tsar Peter II, conquered territories in the Balkans, expanding their influence.
January 1188: In 1187 the Republic of Ragusa was conquered by Serbia.
January 1191: Nis conquered by Second Bulgarian Empire.
January 1194: Ivan Asen of Bulgaria took control of the important city of Sofia.
January 1197: Bulgarian conquests around 1196.
January 1202: The Serbians annexed Belgrade, Braničevo, and Niš.
January 1204: In 1203, the Bulgarians pushed the Serbs out of Niš.
January 1205: In 1204, Arbanon, led by Prince Progon, attained political independence from Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade. The territory went to the Principality of Arbanon, marking a temporary period of autonomy.
January 1206: Venetian Dubrovnik refers to the periods when the Republic of Venice controlled the city of Dubrovnik (also known as Ragusa) from 1000 to 1030 and again from 1205 to 1358. During these times, Dubrovnik was under Venetian rule and influenced by Venetian culture and politics.
January 1206: Durrës (Durazo/Durazzo) was a Venetian colony in the periods 1205-1213 and 1392-1501.
January 1218: Grand Prince Stefan was crowned King of Serbia in 1217.
January 1256: The eventual peace between Hungary and the Serbs returned Zachlumia Serbia
January 1283: In 1282, Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin conquered the northern parts of Macedonia including the city of Skoplje, which became his capital.
January 1284: Milutin of Serbia advanced with his brother deep into Byzantine territory all the way to Kavala.
February 1284: The Serbian forces leave Kavala.
January 1285: In 1284, Milutin of Serbia gained control of northern Albania and the city of Dyrrachion (Durrës).
January 1297: In 1296, Serbian king Stephen Milutin conquered Durrës, a strategic port city in present-day Albania. This marked an expansion of the Kingdom of Serbia (Medieval) into the region, solidifying Milutin's power in the Balkans.
January 1300: In 1299 Andronikos II Palaiologos married his daughter Simonis to Milutin and the lands he had conquered (Durrës) were considered as a dowry gift.
January 1313: The Battle of Gallipoli (1312) was fought by Serbian troops sent by Stefan Milutin to aid Byzantine Emperor Andronikos in the defense of his lands against the Turks. Out of the gratitude to Serbia, the town of Kucovo was donated.
January 1315: Upon the death of Stefan Dragutin, who ruled northern Serbia, death in 1314 Serbian King Milutin conquered most of his lands including Belgrade.
January 1320: In 1319 Charles I of Hungary regained control over Belgrade and banovina Mačva while Milutin held control in Braničevo.
January 1324: During the civil war after Milutin's death, Serbia lost Zachlumia and Vidin. Zachlumia felt under Bosnian control.
January 1326: Braničevo and the southern part of Mačva remained Serbian.
January 1327: By 1326 Ban Stephen II attacked Serbia in a military alliance with the Republic of Ragusa and conquered Zahumlje, gaining more of Adriatic Sea coast.
January 1337: He became involved in larger conflicts with the Hungarians, but these clashes were mostly defensive. Dušan's armies were initially defeated by Charles I of Hungary's 80,000-strong royal armies in Šumadija in 1336. As the Hungarians advanced south towards a hostile terrain, Dušan's cavalry launched several attacks in the narrow open fields, resulting in a rout of Hungarian troops, which retreated to the north of Danube. Charles I was wounded by an arrow but survived. As a result, the Hungarians lost Mačva and Belgrade.
January 1344: Serbian king Dušan's systematic offensive began in 1342, and in the end he conquered all Byzantine territories in the western Balkans as far as Kavala, except for the Peloponnesus and Thessaloniki, which he could not besiege due to his small fleet.
April 1346: The Serbian Empire was established in 1346 by King Stefan Dušan, known as "the Mighty", who significantly expanded the state.
January 1348: In 1347, the Serbs conquered Epirus, Aetolia and Acarnania.
January 1349: In 1347/48, when the Byzantine resistance more or less collapsed because of the great plague epidemic, Stephen of Serbia conquered all of Epirus, Acarnania and Aetolia.
January 1349: By 1348, Stephen of Serbia achieved hegemony over large parts of Macedonia, Albania, the Despotate of Epirus and Thessaly, which had previously been under the rule of the Byzantine emperor.
January 1349: Most of the possessions in Thessaly of the Duchy of Neopatras were lost when the region was conquered by the Serbs of Stefan Dushan in 1348.
November 1350: In October the Serbian emperor invaded Hum, with an army said to be of 80,000 men, and successfully occupied part of the disputed territory.
January 1351: Stefan Dušan entered Dalmatia to protect her sister's domains of Klis and Skradin.
January 1351: Imotski and Novi conquered by Serbian Empire.
January 1351: Krka was reached by Serbian forces.
January 1351: Kantakouzenos raised a small army and took the Chalcidic peninsula, then Veria and Voden.
January 1351: In 1350, during the reign of Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan, the Serbs led a military campaign that resulted in the ravaging of the countryside. One of their armies reached the territories of Duvno and Cetina, causing destruction and chaos in the region.
January 1356: After the death of Stefan Dušan (1355), a member of the family, Blasius Matarango, subsequently ruled a principality in the territory between Shkumbin and Seman as sevastokrator between 1358 and 1367, recognized under the suzerainty of Symeon Uroš.
January 1356: Nikephoros II took advantage of the Byzantine civil war and the death of Dušan (1355) to escape and to reestablish himself in Epirus in 1356.
January 1356: Initially a vassal of the Serbian Empire, the Principality of Valona became an independent lordship after 1355.
January 1356: Djuras Ilijic surrendered Skradin to the Venetians some time after Dusan's death.
June 1356: Nikephoros Orsini landed a force on the coast of Thessaly and quickly overran it.
January 1357: Klis was conquered by the Croatian general Nikola Banic for the Hungarian king sometime after 1356, ending Serbian presence in Dalmatia.
January 1357: Simeon Uroš proclaimed himself Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks, creating a separate state, centered in regions of Thessaly and Epirus.
January 1357: Simeon Uroš seized Kostur and proclaimed himself Tsar of the Serbs and the Greeks.
January 1369: Karl Thopia conquers large parts of central Albania.
December 1373: Prince Lazar was the ruler of Moravian Serbia, while the king of Hungary was Louis I. The Vojinovic domain was a powerful Serbian noble family. The coalition was formed to weaken their influence, leading to the partition of their territory among Prince Lazar and the king of Hungary in 1373.
January 1388: The Serbian principalities under the command of Prince Lazar Hreveljanovič , defeated Kara Timurtas at Plosnik (1388) and forced the Ottomans to retreat to Thrace and Macedonia.
January 1403: After Angora, he visited Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, where he was given the title of Despot, and since then his state became known as the Serbian Despotate in 1402. Due to the Battle of Ankara in 1402, in which the Ottomans were defeated by Timur and their leader Bayezid was captured, the vassalage of Serbia to the Ottomans was de fact void.
January 1413: The semi-independent Domain of Branković ceased to exist as such with the establishment of Serbian Despotate by Stefan Lazarević.
January 1413: As a reward for Stefan Lazarević's help and loyalty, the Bosnian king transferred Srebrenica with its surroundings to the Serbian Despotate in 1411 or 1412.
July 1413: As a reward for helping sultan Mehmed, Stefan of Serbia received the town of Koprijan near Niš and the Serbian-Bulgarian area of Znepolje.
April 1421: Following the death of Balsa III in 1421 the Principality of Zeta was assigned (at the will of Balsa III) to his uncle Stefan Lazarević ruler of the Despotate of Serbia.
January 1428: As an immediate result of Stefan's death, Serbia had to return Belgrade to the Kingdom of Hungary, but kept Mačva.
June 1433: Despot Đurađ annexed parts of Usora, together with the trade outpost Zvonik and fortress Teočak.
October 1443: A broad Christian coalition of Hungarians (under John Hunyadi), Serbs (under Despot Đurađ) and Romanians (under Vlad II Dracul) advanced into Serbia and Bulgaria in September 1443.
March 1444: The League of Lezhë, a military and diplomatic alliance of Albanian feudal lords, was established in the city of Lezhë on 2 March 1444.
August 1444: Serbia was fully restored by the Peace of Szeged on August 15, 1444. Its borders were the same as before 1437, with the exception of the southern part of Zeta, which remained under Venice, and fort Golubac, which was returned to Serbia even though it was lost much earlier, in 1427.
January 1445: Duchy of Stephen Vukcic Kosaca annexed Upper Zeta.
January 1445: The Duchy of Saint Sava conquered the city of Bar, with the fortress (now Old Bar) in Lower Zeta.
January 1447: King Tomaš of Bosnia, also known as Stephen Tomašević, was the last Bosnian king before the Ottoman conquest. Despot Đurađ Branković was a Serbian ruler. The capture of Srebrenica in 1446 was part of the ongoing conflicts between the Kingdom of Bosnia and the Serbian Despotate.
October 1448: In September 1448, the Bosnians were defeated by a Serbian army led by Thomas Kantakouzenos, who reconquered Srebrenica and also took Višegrad.
November 1454: But the capital was well-prepared and the Ottomans, upon hearing that Hunyadi would cross the Danube to reinforce the Serbs, soon lifted their siege of Smederevo. The Sultan retreated back to Sofia.
January 1458: Temporarily relieved of the southern threat, Lazar of Serbia turned to the north and Hungarian internal battles, which he joined on the side of King Ladislaus, managing to capture the town of Kovin and several other towns on the left bank of the Danube in 1457.
April 1867: The Ottoman government ordered the Ottoman garrison, which since 1826 had been the last representation of Ottoman suzerainty in Serbia, withdrawn from the Belgrade fortress. The only stipulation was that the Ottoman flag continue to fly over the fortress alongside the Serbian one. Serbia's de facto independence dates from this event.
March 1882: In 1882 Serbia was elevated to the status of kingdom.
December 1920: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson intervened to block the Paris agreement. The United States underscored its support for Albania's independence by recognizing an official Albanian representative to Washington, and on December 17, 1920, the League of Nations recognized Albania's sovereignty by admitting it as a full member.
March 1924: The Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes signed the Treaty of Rome (27 January 1924), agreeing to the annexation of Fiume by Italy and the absorption of Sušak by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; this took effect on 16 March.
October 1929: The official name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was changed to "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" by King Alexander I.
November 1945: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II.
April 1963: In 1963, amid pervasive liberal constitutional reforms, the name Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was introduced.
September 1991: An independence referendum was held in then Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
October 1991: A Serb proto-state during the Siege of Dubrovnik in the Croatian War of Independence, self proclaimed by the Yugoslav People's Army on 15 October 1991, in occupied areas of Croatia.
April 1992: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia came into existence in 1992, following the breakup of the SFR Yugoslavia.
February 2003: The Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro came into force on 4 February 2003, creating a confederacy between Serbia and Montenegro under one government, the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro amending the earlier Federal Constitution.
June 2006: Indepedence of Montenegro.
June 2006: Indepedence of Serbia, End of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
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